Chinese-built container cranes dominate the global port market, with ZPMC controlling a market share of 80%-plus for the past 20 years, and terminal managers are said to be increasingly concerned about new equipment procurement, given the lack of manufacturing capacity elsewhere in the world.

Amid concerns among US security analysts that some China-manufactured cranes might be used for espionage, President Biden in February announced a $20bn package for port equipment manufacturer Paceco, a subsidiary of Japan’s Mitsui Group, to build a new factory in California.

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