An AI jobs apocalypse may not be the biggest threat to US workers in the next decade. The larger challenge could be helping millions of people move into new jobs, according to a study by consulting firm McKinsey & Co.

Roughly 11 million American workers, or about 7% of the current workforce, may need to change jobs by 2035 because of artificial intelligence-related displacement, according to the report released Tuesday. That means the number of US workers who change occupations each year — historically around 215,000 — may triple over the next decade. The transition will be tough for many, with six of seven workers facing substantial retraining and loss of income, according to McKinsey’s analysis.

Workers aren’t “interchangeable units,” the report’s authors note. “Job opportunities can be abundant and yet leave millions of workers without work if those positions require different skills, credentials, locations or pay structures than current jobs.”

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